Rwanda

Rwanda has a rich history of mining that dates back to the pre-colonial era. Traditional mining methods were used by artisanal miners who mainly mined for gold, tin, and coltan. The mining industry was further developed during the colonial period, where larger mining companies were established. In the late 1930s, the Belgians established the Geological Survey of Rwanda, which resulted in the discovery of new mineral deposits such as wolfram and cassiterite. 

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During the genocide in 1994, the mining industry was significantly affected, with most mines being destroyed or abandoned. However, in the years following the genocide, the government of Rwanda has prioritized the mining sector as a key driver of economic growth. Substantial investment has been made in modernizing the mining industry, and several international companies have invested in mining projects in Rwanda. The government has also implemented policies and regulations to promote sustainable and responsible mining practices, including the establishment of the Rwanda Mines, Petroleum and Gas Board in 2017. Today, the mining industry continues to be a major contributor to Rwanda's economy.