South Africa

Mining has played a significant role in South Africa's history, dating back to the late 19th century when the first diamond was discovered in Kimberly in 1867. This discovery led to the formation of De Beers Consolidated Mines in 1888 and to the influx of prospectors seeking their fortunes in the Witwatersrand Gold Rush of 1886. The mining industry became a major contributor to the South African economy and a catalyst for economic development. 

​

In the 20th century, South Africa became a leading producer of gold, diamonds, and other minerals and ores. However, the industry has been tarnished by its association with forced labor, exploitation, discrimination, and violence against African mineworkers, particularly during the era of apartheid. Despite some improvements in labor practices and safety standards, the mining sector remains a contentious and complex part of South African society, with ongoing debates about the environmental impact, ownership, regulation, and economic transformation of the industry.