Madagascar

Madagascar's mining industry dates back to the 19th century, when French colonizers discovered heavy minerals, such as ilmenite, rutile, and zircon, on the island. However, it wasn't until the 1950s that modern exploration and mining operations began, led by foreign companies such as QIT Fer et Titane and Rio Tinto. 

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In recent years, Madagascar has shifted its focus to developing its nascent gold and nickel industries, and has attracted investment from companies such as Sherritt International and Ambatovy. Despite the country's significant mineral wealth, the mining sector has faced challenges related to political instability, weak institutions, and community resistance to extractive activities. The Malagasy government has sought to address these issues through reforms aimed at improving transparency, attracting investment, and creating a more equitable distribution of revenue from the sector.